文型もいよいよ最後の形態へ
＜ＳＶＯＣ＞
Ｃは形容詞、形容詞句、現在分詞、過去分詞等あり、Ｏ＝Ｃの関係あり。
自動詞は過去分詞にはできないことに注意③。
①A relief fund was recently established for the victims of the quake that devastated the town and left numerous people homeless.
②“First I married a dentist, and then I divorced him after six months, and now I'm engaged to a lawyer!”“I'll keep my fingers crossed.”
③“I'm sorry to keep you waiting. I'll be there in half an hour. I'll buy you lunch to make up for this.”“It's okay. There's no hurry, so take your time.”
④The thermometer registered 96 degrees Fahrenheit.“I could use a cold beer,”muttered someone. We had beads of sweat dripping from our foreheads.
⑤I had practiced my Italian, so I thought I could communicate to some extent, but I couldn't make myself understood at all.
⑥He bowed, thanked me for sparing the time to visit, and said, “The place is a mess, but please take a seat and make yourself at home.”
⑦“She really gets on my nerves!”He frowned.“Nobody could stop her from chattering. she is, as it were, an eternal chatterbox that drives everybody crazy.”
2016年4月30日土曜日
英語の学習6日目
淡々と 淡々と
まだまだ過去にそれなりに集中して覚えようとしたセンテンスなのでなんとなくなじみがあります。100例文辺りからかなり苦しい山になることでしょう。でも1歩を踏まないと踏破はありえません。
＜ＳＶＯ'Ｏ＞
関節目的語のＯ'に代名詞を置く場合は目的格（me, him, themなど）にすること。
①The biology teacher explained, “Generally speaking, female mammals do not lay eggs but give birth to babies and feed them breast milk.”
ＳＶO'OのＯには新しい情報を入れるべきなので代名詞の場合はSVO to O'の順。
②“How I have longed to possess a jewel such as this.”“How gorgeous! Was it expensive?”“I got it for free. My fiance gave it to me as a token of his love.”
③A friend of mine found this instruction manual for me, but it has quite a few unfamiliar terms in it, so I got myself a reference book to look up their definitions.
④I asked her a slightly personal question out of mere curiosity, but she took it as an implicit insult and became furious with me.
⑤The grim-faced sergeant commanded in a voice of wrath, “Be alert! It's a matter of life and death. A moment's hesitation will cost you your life.”
⑥Kindergarten children were singing in chorus the joyful, lively song “I Wish You a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.”
＜ＳＶＯＣ＞
Ｏ＝Ｃの関係があるものです。
⑦“I'm glad I've met a smart, sincere man at last!”“I'm afraid you have yet to meet Mr. right. I find Bob shallow and dishonest. You are mistaken about him.”
まだまだ過去にそれなりに集中して覚えようとしたセンテンスなのでなんとなくなじみがあります。100例文辺りからかなり苦しい山になることでしょう。でも1歩を踏まないと踏破はありえません。
＜ＳＶＯ'Ｏ＞
関節目的語のＯ'に代名詞を置く場合は目的格（me, him, themなど）にすること。
①The biology teacher explained, “Generally speaking, female mammals do not lay eggs but give birth to babies and feed them breast milk.”
ＳＶO'OのＯには新しい情報を入れるべきなので代名詞の場合はSVO to O'の順。
②“How I have longed to possess a jewel such as this.”“How gorgeous! Was it expensive?”“I got it for free. My fiance gave it to me as a token of his love.”
③A friend of mine found this instruction manual for me, but it has quite a few unfamiliar terms in it, so I got myself a reference book to look up their definitions.
④I asked her a slightly personal question out of mere curiosity, but she took it as an implicit insult and became furious with me.
⑤The grim-faced sergeant commanded in a voice of wrath, “Be alert! It's a matter of life and death. A moment's hesitation will cost you your life.”
⑥Kindergarten children were singing in chorus the joyful, lively song “I Wish You a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.”
＜ＳＶＯＣ＞
Ｏ＝Ｃの関係があるものです。
⑦“I'm glad I've met a smart, sincere man at last!”“I'm afraid you have yet to meet Mr. right. I find Bob shallow and dishonest. You are mistaken about him.”
2016年4月29日金曜日
英語の学習5日目
腐らない 腐らない
淡々と 淡々と じっくりと 少しずつやっていくこと
ＳＶＣ の続きから
＜補語を取る動詞＞
「～のようだ」「～な（感覚）」の意味を持つ補語。
①At the exhibition of contemporary sculpture, Beth seemed excited; Pat appeared amazed; Jan looked fascinated. As for myself, I was bored to death.
②Heavily drunk, I mistook the contents of the glass for white wine and swallowed the thick liquid in on gulp. It taste awful - it was olive oil.
Chapter 3: SVOM, SVOO, SVOC
＜ＳＶＯＭ＞
Ｍは前置詞句。
③At the academic conference, Dr. Adams of the XYZ Institute attributed changes in the climate to global warming and pollution of the atmosphere.
④An anonymous informer provided Scotland Yard with the whereabouts of the criminals who were wanted for theft and armed robbery.
⑤“It's on fire! Hurry up and put it out!” she yelled, but a delivery van, parked in the way, prevented the fire engine from passing through the alley.
⑥I must confess that at first I was highly suspicious of the peculiar herbal remedy, but it cured me dramatically of my chronic sense of fatigue.
＜ＳＶＯ'Ｏ＞
SVO to O'やSVO for O'に言い換えることも可能。
⑦In conclusion, let me offer you a piece of advice: Learn a whole phrase or sentence by heart rather than memorize each word separately from the context.
淡々と 淡々と じっくりと 少しずつやっていくこと
ＳＶＣ の続きから
＜補語を取る動詞＞
「～のようだ」「～な（感覚）」の意味を持つ補語。
①At the exhibition of contemporary sculpture, Beth seemed excited; Pat appeared amazed; Jan looked fascinated. As for myself, I was bored to death.
②Heavily drunk, I mistook the contents of the glass for white wine and swallowed the thick liquid in on gulp. It taste awful - it was olive oil.
Chapter 3: SVOM, SVOO, SVOC
＜ＳＶＯＭ＞
Ｍは前置詞句。
③At the academic conference, Dr. Adams of the XYZ Institute attributed changes in the climate to global warming and pollution of the atmosphere.
④An anonymous informer provided Scotland Yard with the whereabouts of the criminals who were wanted for theft and armed robbery.
⑤“It's on fire! Hurry up and put it out!” she yelled, but a delivery van, parked in the way, prevented the fire engine from passing through the alley.
⑥I must confess that at first I was highly suspicious of the peculiar herbal remedy, but it cured me dramatically of my chronic sense of fatigue.
＜ＳＶＯ'Ｏ＞
SVO to O'やSVO for O'に言い換えることも可能。
⑦In conclusion, let me offer you a piece of advice: Learn a whole phrase or sentence by heart rather than memorize each word separately from the context.
2016年4月28日木曜日
英語の学習4日目
文型のＳＶＯとＳＶＣの勉強です。
＜SVO [他動詞＋副詞（句）]＞
「誰に」は目的語としてそのまま置きますが、「何を」については、副詞句を置いて用いる方法です。
disappearは先日学習した自動詞でＳＶの形。
①It can be summarized as follows: her so-called boyfriend talked her into bearing a large portion of his debts and then disappeared.
「何を」については代名詞ならば真ん中に置き、名詞であればどちらも可能。
副詞と前置詞の違いは前置詞は必ず後に置かなければいけないこと。
②He whispered in my ear, “This has to be an attractive deal for you. Think it over and let me know your answer as soon as possible.”
③The Simpsons were planning to go for a swim over the weekend, but they had to call it off because of rough weather.
④“Can I try it on?”“Certainly. Here you are.”“It fits perfectly. It goes well with my shirt. What do you think?”“You look marvelous! It matches your trousers, as well.”
＜SVC [動詞＋形容詞 （or 名詞）]＞
昔ならった記憶では＝で結ばれるものがＳとＣの関係です。
⑤“Lately you've been getting a little lazy.”“Well, on the one hand I know I have to catch up with the others, but on the other, I can barely bring myself to study.”
⑥According to the magazine article, the once flourishing insurance company went bankrupt as a consequence of a series of poor management decisions.
⑦“To stay fit, I ride my bike to and from work. What do you do to keep healthy?”“Nothing in particular, but I use stairs instead of elevators.”
中々、これを日常の中で使っていくのは慣れしかないですね。前置詞と副詞の違いなんて意識せず使っているでしょうし。
＜SVO [他動詞＋副詞（句）]＞
「誰に」は目的語としてそのまま置きますが、「何を」については、副詞句を置いて用いる方法です。
disappearは先日学習した自動詞でＳＶの形。
①It can be summarized as follows: her so-called boyfriend talked her into bearing a large portion of his debts and then disappeared.
「何を」については代名詞ならば真ん中に置き、名詞であればどちらも可能。
副詞と前置詞の違いは前置詞は必ず後に置かなければいけないこと。
②He whispered in my ear, “This has to be an attractive deal for you. Think it over and let me know your answer as soon as possible.”
③The Simpsons were planning to go for a swim over the weekend, but they had to call it off because of rough weather.
④“Can I try it on?”“Certainly. Here you are.”“It fits perfectly. It goes well with my shirt. What do you think?”“You look marvelous! It matches your trousers, as well.”
＜SVC [動詞＋形容詞 （or 名詞）]＞
昔ならった記憶では＝で結ばれるものがＳとＣの関係です。
⑤“Lately you've been getting a little lazy.”“Well, on the one hand I know I have to catch up with the others, but on the other, I can barely bring myself to study.”
⑥According to the magazine article, the once flourishing insurance company went bankrupt as a consequence of a series of poor management decisions.
⑦“To stay fit, I ride my bike to and from work. What do you do to keep healthy?”“Nothing in particular, but I use stairs instead of elevators.”
中々、これを日常の中で使っていくのは慣れしかないですね。前置詞と副詞の違いなんて意識せず使っているでしょうし。
2016年4月27日水曜日
英語の学習3日目
9時起きぐらいと最近少し遅くなってしまいましたが、リズムは何とか自然に保てているので良しとします。
さて、時制も今日で最後。
I've once learned English by “ALL IN ONE”, but stopped it soon. And now I've been learning it again since early this week. I'll have learned whole it within about two months. I want to check my ability that had been polished here by TOEIC.
無理やり昨日習った順に時制を変えてみました。「英語を学習する」を色々と時制を変えて覚えるといいような気がしています。
＜過去完了形の完了用法＞
先日の⑦とほぼ同じで、最初の文章の方が、後の文章より先に完了していたケースです。
①As the millionaire hadn't drawn up his will, Daniel, his stepson and only heir, inherited his entire estate upon his sudden death.
＜過去完了形の大過去用法＞
別の出来事がどちらがより過去なのかを明確にする場合に用いる。
②A newspaper editorial implied that the tragic catastrophe had been caused by the workers who had paid little heed to safety procedures.
＜過去形で済ませる場合＞
複数の出来事の動詞があっても順番に旧→新で並べて用いる場合は過去形。またより過去なことが明確な場合は過去形で済ます口語表現が好まれる。
③The crops were doing badly, so the initial outlook was dismal. However, as it turned out, the actual grain harvest surpassed the bleak forecast.
Chapter 2:文型
いよいよ新しい章へ。SV, SVO, SVOC, SVOOなんて習いましたよね。
＜Ｓ（主語）Ｖ（動詞）とＳ（主語）Ｖ（動詞）Ｏ（目的語）＞
自動詞は「何を」がなくても完結する。他動詞は「何を」が必要。「何を」を主語にして受動態にできるのは他動詞のみ。自動詞は受動態にできない。自動詞は前置詞を置いて他動詞と同じようにな使うことができる⑤⑥⑦。
例：rise 上がる（自動詞）、raise 上げる（他動詞）
④As of April 1st, postal rates will rise by 5%. On April 2nd, subway fares will be raised by 10%. Starting April 3rd, my allowance will be reduced by half.
⑤I'm hoping for a pay raise. I recently got a master's degree in business administration. It's a qualification that entitles you to a higher salary.
⑥The visitors were due to arrive at the airport in less than two hours, but their plane was delayed due to a suspected bomb in the baggage compartment.
⑦“I'd like to talk to you in person. Are you available on Monday?”“Let me check-Monday isn't convenient for me. Any day except Monday will do.”
⑤のentitle は「誰に」というyouは目的語にできる特殊な語なので後回しにしましょう。だんだんとセンテンスを忘れてきたので、7文ずつがつらくなりそうです。
さて、時制も今日で最後。
I've once learned English by “ALL IN ONE”, but stopped it soon. And now I've been learning it again since early this week. I'll have learned whole it within about two months. I want to check my ability that had been polished here by TOEIC.
無理やり昨日習った順に時制を変えてみました。「英語を学習する」を色々と時制を変えて覚えるといいような気がしています。
＜過去完了形の完了用法＞
先日の⑦とほぼ同じで、最初の文章の方が、後の文章より先に完了していたケースです。
①As the millionaire hadn't drawn up his will, Daniel, his stepson and only heir, inherited his entire estate upon his sudden death.
＜過去完了形の大過去用法＞
別の出来事がどちらがより過去なのかを明確にする場合に用いる。
②A newspaper editorial implied that the tragic catastrophe had been caused by the workers who had paid little heed to safety procedures.
＜過去形で済ませる場合＞
複数の出来事の動詞があっても順番に旧→新で並べて用いる場合は過去形。またより過去なことが明確な場合は過去形で済ます口語表現が好まれる。
③The crops were doing badly, so the initial outlook was dismal. However, as it turned out, the actual grain harvest surpassed the bleak forecast.
Chapter 2:文型
いよいよ新しい章へ。SV, SVO, SVOC, SVOOなんて習いましたよね。
＜Ｓ（主語）Ｖ（動詞）とＳ（主語）Ｖ（動詞）Ｏ（目的語）＞
自動詞は「何を」がなくても完結する。他動詞は「何を」が必要。「何を」を主語にして受動態にできるのは他動詞のみ。自動詞は受動態にできない。自動詞は前置詞を置いて他動詞と同じようにな使うことができる⑤⑥⑦。
例：rise 上がる（自動詞）、raise 上げる（他動詞）
④As of April 1st, postal rates will rise by 5%. On April 2nd, subway fares will be raised by 10%. Starting April 3rd, my allowance will be reduced by half.
⑤I'm hoping for a pay raise. I recently got a master's degree in business administration. It's a qualification that entitles you to a higher salary.
⑥The visitors were due to arrive at the airport in less than two hours, but their plane was delayed due to a suspected bomb in the baggage compartment.
⑦“I'd like to talk to you in person. Are you available on Monday?”“Let me check-Monday isn't convenient for me. Any day except Monday will do.”
⑤のentitle は「誰に」というyouは目的語にできる特殊な語なので後回しにしましょう。だんだんとセンテンスを忘れてきたので、7文ずつがつらくなりそうです。
2016年4月26日火曜日
英語の学習2日目
おっと2日目にして危うい英語学習。
習慣化してI learn English every day.と言えるようになるまで頑張らなければ・・・。今はI'm learning English in this morning.という一時的な行動としか受けとられません。決してI've learned English for 3 days.とならないように。
ではChapter 1:時制の続き
＜現在完了形の経験用法＞
「（過去から現在までに)～したことがある」という場合に ever や neverと一緒に用いられることが多い。
① Peggy said to herself, “I've never been to such a boring, horrible party before, but I might as well look like I'm enjoying myself.”
＜現在完了形の継続用法＞
「（過去から現在まで)ずっと～し続けてきた」という場合にforやHow longといった期間を表す語と一緒に進行形で用いられることが多い。進行形でない場合は客観的な意味合いが強く、感情的な場合の用法は進行形で表す。be動詞や知覚・人情動詞は進行形にできないのでそのまま単純な完了形で表す。②の後半は前回の結果用法。④の後半は上記経験用法。
②The blind and deaf person says that he has been struggling for many years but has now come to terms with his disability.
③“He is normally punctual for appointments. Oh, here he comes. Tony, where on earth have you been? We've been waiting for you for ages!”
④“Ｉ've had a dull pain in my chest on and off for a couple of days.”“Really? That's too bad. Have you seen a proper doctor?”
＜未来完了形＞
「(未来のある時点までに)～し終えている」等の未来の結果・経験・継続を言う場合に用いる。
⑤This lizard grows really fast. By the time it is a month old, it will have doubled in length, and within six months it will have reached as long as 50cm.
＜過去完了形の結果用法＞
「(過去のある時点までに)～し終えていた」という場合に用いる。
⑥The other day, I met Meg Brown for the first time in three years. She had changed so much that I didn't recognize her right away.
⑦The president candidate got off the bus and shook hands in turn with each of his loyal supporters, who had cheerfully greeted him.
中々、聞き取りは文脈から予想する脳力が必要ですね。日本語では自然にできているのだから、ここは聞き取りよりもむしろ話す際にこの違いを意識できるかですね。
現在完了形の継続用法を進行形にするかどうか等は慣れですかね。たいていフォーマルでなければ、進行形が分かりやすく感情がこもっていいのではと思います。
習慣化してI learn English every day.と言えるようになるまで頑張らなければ・・・。今はI'm learning English in this morning.という一時的な行動としか受けとられません。決してI've learned English for 3 days.とならないように。
ではChapter 1:時制の続き
＜現在完了形の経験用法＞
「（過去から現在までに)～したことがある」という場合に ever や neverと一緒に用いられることが多い。
① Peggy said to herself, “I've never been to such a boring, horrible party before, but I might as well look like I'm enjoying myself.”
＜現在完了形の継続用法＞
「（過去から現在まで)ずっと～し続けてきた」という場合にforやHow longといった期間を表す語と一緒に進行形で用いられることが多い。進行形でない場合は客観的な意味合いが強く、感情的な場合の用法は進行形で表す。be動詞や知覚・人情動詞は進行形にできないのでそのまま単純な完了形で表す。②の後半は前回の結果用法。④の後半は上記経験用法。
②The blind and deaf person says that he has been struggling for many years but has now come to terms with his disability.
③“He is normally punctual for appointments. Oh, here he comes. Tony, where on earth have you been? We've been waiting for you for ages!”
④“Ｉ've had a dull pain in my chest on and off for a couple of days.”“Really? That's too bad. Have you seen a proper doctor?”
＜未来完了形＞
「(未来のある時点までに)～し終えている」等の未来の結果・経験・継続を言う場合に用いる。
⑤This lizard grows really fast. By the time it is a month old, it will have doubled in length, and within six months it will have reached as long as 50cm.
＜過去完了形の結果用法＞
「(過去のある時点までに)～し終えていた」という場合に用いる。
⑥The other day, I met Meg Brown for the first time in three years. She had changed so much that I didn't recognize her right away.
⑦The president candidate got off the bus and shook hands in turn with each of his loyal supporters, who had cheerfully greeted him.
中々、聞き取りは文脈から予想する脳力が必要ですね。日本語では自然にできているのだから、ここは聞き取りよりもむしろ話す際にこの違いを意識できるかですね。
現在完了形の継続用法を進行形にするかどうか等は慣れですかね。たいていフォーマルでなければ、進行形が分かりやすく感情がこもっていいのではと思います。
2016年4月25日月曜日
英語の学習始めました！
中学から英語を始めて、今まであまり身についていない英語。TOEICは600点いくか行かないか程度。この前、台湾の人と仕事の話をするのに、紙で書いたりしながらなんとか意思疎通ができ自信がつきましたが、何とも人前で話すにはかっこ悪いです。
だいたいは学習教材に飽きてしまうことでフェードアウトしてしまうので、自分の気になる映画とか、ニュースとか、そういったものから入ったらと探していたのですが、英語の原文と訳文が両方簡単には手に入らないことが自分にはストレスということが分かりました。
結局、家に残っている英語教材を振り返り、文法重視のセンテンスで学習していく、ALL IN ONEに落ち着き、地道に再開してみようという気になりました。1日にＣＤでまとまって1曲として扱われる7例文ごとに、じっくり根気よく毎朝・毎晩学習していきます。
「菜根譚」の次は「ALL IN ONE」で決まり！次元は異なりますが。
Chapter 1: 時制
一度例文100までやったはずなのに、時制感覚ってどうしても忘れてしまいます。
＜現在形＞
「常日頃～している」という習慣的意味合いの強いのがこの形。ただし、知覚（hear, see, smell, feel etc.)や心情(want, hope, wish, think, believe, guess, suppose, insist, suggest, recommend etc.)の動詞は現時点の一時的状態も表せます。副詞節(when, before, by the time, if, unless etc.)の中では未来のこともこの形で表す（例④）。
① He grinned and said, “I make lots of money. On Weekdays I receive an average of 50 orders a day from all over the globe via the Internet.”
② “What does your son do?”“Well, he used to work for a multinational corporation, but unfortunately he is unemployed at the moment.”
＜現在進行形＞
「現時点で～している」「今～している最中だ」という現時点の一時的状態を現す。「近く～しそうだ」「近く～する予定だ」という近い未来を表す場合にも使います。
③ “Guess What! I quit my full-time job last autumn and at present I'm traveling around the countryside.”“ You never cease to astonish me!”
④ “A few buttons are coming loose, so I want you to sew them back on before they come off. I cherish this jacket because it was may late father's.”
⑤“ Is Barbie moving to the suburbs?”“ Believe it or not, she is moving into your neighborhood. You may well bump into her one of these days.”
＜現在完了形の結果用法＞
「過去に～で現在も～に至っている」というように過去と密接に関わりがあって現在の状況がある場合に使用する。
⑥“By the way, does anybody know what's become of Jim?”“ I do. I heard from him the week before last. He said he was earning a living as a guard.”
⑦“The dollar has strengthened against the major currencies. At the current exchange rate, a dollar is equivalent to 120 yen.”
いつまで続くでしょうかね。例文が短縮や時制の一致を行っていて、すでに上級な感じです。
途中途切れても暖かく応援お願いします。がんばるぞ！
419÷7≒60＝2ヶ月でいけるじゃん！
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